Chancellor of the Exchequer

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Thus George Osborne, the chancellor of the exchequer, drew the narrow parameters of his second budget on March 23rd.
在3月23日，现任英国财政大臣乔治奥斯本，提出了他的第二套财政紧缩预算。
George Osborne, the chancellor of the exchequer, announced the long-awaited results of a public-spending review aimed at slashing Britain’s deficit.
英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本公布了人们期待已久的、旨在减少英国财政赤字的政府公共支出报告的结果。
The shadow chancellor of the exchequer, Ed Balls, apologised for failing to prevent the 2008 credit crunch by regulating banks more tightly: British regulations alone would not have stopped the crash.
影子财政大臣埃德•鲍尔斯就2008年没能对银行实施更紧密的监管导致信用崩溃表示歉意，仅凭英国的监管是不能阻止这场危机的。

Alistair Darling, the chancellor of the exchequer, has signally failed to do that in the PBR.
ECONOMIST: Bashing the rich is bad politics and rotten economics
Expect Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown to succeed Blair during the next year or two.
FORBES: People and Things to Like--2005
Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, bears a heavy responsibility for the mess.
ECONOMIST: Roads and rail

the person in the UK government who is responsible for deciding tax levels and how much money the government can spend

The chancellor of the exchequer is the minister in the British government who makes decisions about finance and taxes.